The manufacturing study’s most compelling evidence comes from a geographic quasi-experiment. Rather than simply comparing firms in high-wage states to those in low-wage states—an approach vulnerable to the objection that those states differ in countless other ways—the researchers focused specifically on companies located in counties that sit directly on state borders, comparing businesses on opposite sides of the same line. These firms face nearly identical local economies, labor markets, and industries. The only meaningful difference is which state’s minimum wage law applies to them.
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The first of the two, commonly referred to as the timed substitution rule, forces a team to play a man down for a minute if a player takes longer than 10 seconds to leave the pitch. The second of the guidelines, dubbed the off-field treatment rule, removes a player from the match for a minute if they spend more than 15 seconds on the ground after an injury.,推荐阅读PDF资料获取更多信息
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